Module Conventions1


Function calling conventions and other conventions regarding the use of machine registers and stack slots.

Require Import Coqlib.
Require Import Decidableplus.
Require Import AST.
Require Import Events.
Require Import Locations.
Require Archi.

Classification of machine registers


Machine registers (type mreg in module Locations) are divided in the following groups: We follow the PowerPC/EABI application binary interface (ABI) in our choice of callee- and caller-save registers.

Definition is_callee_save (r: mreg): bool :=
  match r with
  | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 => false
  | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24
  | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 => true
  | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7
  | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 => false
  | F14 | F15 | F16 | F17 | F18 | F19 | F20 | F21 | F22 | F23
  | F24 | F25 | F26 | F27 | F28 | F29 | F30 | F31 => true
  end.

Definition destroyed_at_call :=
  List.filter (fun r => negb (is_callee_save r)) all_mregs.

The following definitions are used by the register allocator.

When a PPC64 processor is used with the PPC32 ABI, the high 32 bits of integer callee-save registers may not be preserved. So, declare all integer registers as having size 32 bits for the purpose of determining which variables can go in callee-save registers.
  
Definition callee_save_type (r: mreg): typ :=
  match r with
  | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12
  | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24
  | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 => Tany32
  | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7
  | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15
  | F16 | F17 | F18 | F19 | F20 | F21 | F22 | F23
  | F24 | F25 | F26 | F27 | F28 | F29 | F30 | F31 => Tany64
  end.

Definition is_float_reg (r: mreg): bool :=
  match r with
  | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12
  | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24
  | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 => false
  | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7
  | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13
  | F14 | F15 | F16 | F17 | F18 | F19 | F20 | F21 | F22 | F23
  | F24 | F25 | F26 | F27 | F28 | F29 | F30 | F31 => true
  end.

Definition int_caller_save_regs :=
  R3 :: R4 :: R5 :: R6 :: R7 :: R8 :: R9 :: R10 :: R11 :: R12 :: nil.

Definition float_caller_save_regs :=
  F0 :: F1 :: F2 :: F3 :: F4 :: F5 :: F6 :: F7 :: F8 :: F9 :: F10 :: F11 :: F12 :: F13 :: nil.

Definition int_callee_save_regs :=
  R31 :: R30 :: R29 :: R28 :: R27 :: R26 :: R25 :: R24 :: R23 ::
  R22 :: R21 :: R20 :: R19 :: R18 :: R17 :: R16 :: R15 :: R14 :: nil.

Definition float_callee_save_regs :=
  F31 :: F30 :: F29 :: F28 :: F27 :: F26 :: F25 :: F24 :: F23 ::
  F22 :: F21 :: F20 :: F19 :: F18 :: F17 :: F16 :: F15 :: F14 :: nil.

Definition dummy_int_reg := R3. (* Used in Coloring. *)
Definition dummy_float_reg := F0. (* Used in Coloring. *)

How to use registers for register allocation. We favor the use of caller-save registers, using callee-save registers only when no caller-save is available.

Record alloc_regs := mk_alloc_regs {
  preferred_int_regs: list mreg;
  remaining_int_regs: list mreg;
  preferred_float_regs: list mreg;
  remaining_float_regs: list mreg
}.

Definition allocatable_registers (_: unit) :=
  {| preferred_int_regs := int_caller_save_regs;
     remaining_int_regs := int_callee_save_regs;
     preferred_float_regs := float_caller_save_regs;
     remaining_float_regs := float_callee_save_regs |}.

Function calling conventions


The functions in this section determine the locations (machine registers and stack slots) used to communicate arguments and results between the caller and the callee during function calls. These locations are functions of the signature of the function and of the call instruction. Agreement between the caller and the callee on the locations to use is guaranteed by our dynamic semantics for Cminor and RTL, which demand that the signature of the call instruction is identical to that of the called function. Calling conventions are largely arbitrary: they must respect the properties proved in this section (such as no overlapping between the locations of function arguments), but this leaves much liberty in choosing actual locations. To ensure binary interoperability of code generated by our compiler with libraries compiled by another PowerPC compiler, we implement the standard conventions defined in the PowerPC/EABI application binary interface.

Location of function result


The result value of a function is passed back to the caller in registers R3 or F1 or R3, R4, depending on the type of the returned value. We treat a function without result as a function with one integer result.

Definition loc_result_32 (s: signature) : rpair mreg :=
  match proj_sig_res s with
  | Tint | Tany32 => One R3
  | Tfloat | Tsingle | Tany64 => One F1
  | Tlong => Twolong R3 R4
  end.

Definition loc_result_64 (s: signature) : rpair mreg :=
  match proj_sig_res s with
  | Tint | Tlong | Tany32 | Tany64 => One R3
  | Tfloat | Tsingle => One F1
  end.

Definition loc_result :=
  if Archi.ptr64 then loc_result_64 else loc_result_32.

The result registers have types compatible with that given in the signature.

Lemma loc_result_type:
  forall sig,
  subtype (proj_sig_res sig) (typ_rpair mreg_type (loc_result sig)) = true.
Proof.
  intros. unfold loc_result, loc_result_32, loc_result_64, mreg_type.
  destruct Archi.ptr64 eqn:?; destruct (proj_sig_res sig); destruct Archi.ppc64; simpl; auto.
Qed.

The result locations are caller-save registers

Lemma loc_result_caller_save:
  forall (s: signature),
  forall_rpair (fun r => is_callee_save r = false) (loc_result s).
Proof.
  intros. unfold loc_result, loc_result_32, loc_result_64, is_callee_save;
  destruct Archi.ptr64; destruct (proj_sig_res s); simpl; auto.
Qed.

If the result is in a pair of registers, those registers are distinct and have type Tint at least.

Lemma loc_result_pair:
  forall sg,
  match loc_result sg with
  | One _ => True
  | Twolong r1 r2 =>
        r1 <> r2 /\ proj_sig_res sg = Tlong
     /\ subtype Tint (mreg_type r1) = true /\ subtype Tint (mreg_type r2) = true
     /\ Archi.ptr64 = false
  end.
Proof.
  intros; unfold loc_result, loc_result_32, loc_result_64, mreg_type;
  destruct Archi.ptr64; destruct (proj_sig_res sg); destruct Archi.ppc64; simpl; auto.
  split; auto. congruence.
  split; auto. congruence.
Qed.

The location of the result depends only on the result part of the signature

Lemma loc_result_exten:
  forall s1 s2, s1.(sig_res) = s2.(sig_res) -> loc_result s1 = loc_result s2.
Proof.
  intros. unfold loc_result, loc_result_32, loc_result_64, proj_sig_res.
  destruct Archi.ptr64; rewrite H; auto.
Qed.

Location of function arguments


The PowerPC EABI states the following convention for passing arguments to a function:

Definition int_param_regs :=
  R3 :: R4 :: R5 :: R6 :: R7 :: R8 :: R9 :: R10 :: nil.
Definition float_param_regs :=
  F1 :: F2 :: F3 :: F4 :: F5 :: F6 :: F7 :: F8 :: nil.

Fixpoint loc_arguments_rec
    (tyl: list typ) (ir fr ofs: Z) {struct tyl} : list (rpair loc) :=
  match tyl with
  | nil => nil
  | (Tint | Tany32) as ty :: tys =>
      match list_nth_z int_param_regs ir with
      | None =>
          One (S Outgoing ofs ty) :: loc_arguments_rec tys ir fr (ofs + 1)
      | Some ireg =>
          One (R ireg) :: loc_arguments_rec tys (ir + 1) fr ofs
      end
  | Tsingle as ty :: tys =>
      match list_nth_z float_param_regs fr with
      | None =>
          let ty := if Archi.single_passed_as_single then Tsingle else Tany64 in
          let ofs := align ofs (typesize ty) in
          One (S Outgoing ofs ty) :: loc_arguments_rec tys ir fr (ofs + (typesize ty))
      | Some freg =>
          One (R freg) :: loc_arguments_rec tys ir (fr + 1) ofs
      end
  | (Tfloat | Tany64) as ty :: tys =>
      match list_nth_z float_param_regs fr with
      | None =>
          let ofs := align ofs 2 in
          One (S Outgoing ofs ty) :: loc_arguments_rec tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
      | Some freg =>
          One (R freg) :: loc_arguments_rec tys ir (fr + 1) ofs
      end
  | Tlong :: tys =>
      let ir := align ir 2 in
      match list_nth_z int_param_regs ir, list_nth_z int_param_regs (ir + 1) with
      | Some r1, Some r2 =>
          Twolong (R r1) (R r2) :: loc_arguments_rec tys (ir + 2) fr ofs
      | _, _ =>
          let ofs := align ofs 2 in
          (if Archi.ptr64
           then One (S Outgoing ofs Tlong)
           else Twolong (S Outgoing ofs Tint) (S Outgoing (ofs + 1) Tint)) ::
          loc_arguments_rec tys ir fr (ofs + 2)
      end
  end.

loc_arguments s returns the list of locations where to store arguments when calling a function with signature s.

Definition loc_arguments (s: signature) : list (rpair loc) :=
  loc_arguments_rec s.(sig_args) 0 0 0.

Argument locations are either caller-save registers or Outgoing stack slots at nonnegative offsets.

Definition loc_argument_acceptable (l: loc) : Prop :=
  match l with
  | R r => is_callee_save r = false
  | S Outgoing ofs ty => ofs >= 0 /\ (typealign ty | ofs)
  | _ => False
  end.

Definition loc_argument_charact (ofs: Z) (l: loc) : Prop :=
  match l with
  | R r => In r int_param_regs \/ In r float_param_regs
  | S Outgoing ofs' ty => ofs' >= ofs /\ (typealign ty | ofs')
  | _ => False
  end.

Remark loc_arguments_rec_charact:
  forall tyl ir fr ofs p,
  In p (loc_arguments_rec tyl ir fr ofs) ->
  forall_rpair (loc_argument_charact ofs) p.
Proof.
  assert (X: forall ofs1 ofs2 l, loc_argument_charact ofs2 l -> ofs1 <= ofs2 -> loc_argument_charact ofs1 l).
  { destruct l; simpl; intros; auto. destruct sl; auto. intuition lia. }
  assert (Y: forall ofs1 ofs2 p, forall_rpair (loc_argument_charact ofs2) p -> ofs1 <= ofs2 -> forall_rpair (loc_argument_charact ofs1) p).
  { destruct p; simpl; intuition eauto. }
Opaque list_nth_z.
  induction tyl; simpl loc_arguments_rec; intros.
  elim H.
  destruct a.
- (* int *)
  destruct (list_nth_z int_param_regs ir) as [r|] eqn:E; destruct H.
  subst. left. eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  subst. split. lia. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
- (* float *)
  assert (ofs <= align ofs 2) by (apply align_le; lia).
  destruct (list_nth_z float_param_regs fr) as [r|] eqn:E; destruct H.
  subst. right. eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  subst. split. lia. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
- (* long *)
  assert (ofs <= align ofs 2) by (apply align_le; lia).
  set (ir' := align ir 2) in *.
  destruct (list_nth_z int_param_regs ir') as [r1|] eqn:E1.
  destruct (list_nth_z int_param_regs (ir' + 1)) as [r2|] eqn:E2.
  destruct H. subst; split; left; eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  destruct H.
  subst. destruct Archi.ptr64; [split|split;split]; try lia.
  apply align_divides; lia. apply Z.divide_1_l. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
  destruct H.
  subst. destruct Archi.ptr64; [split|split;split]; try lia.
  apply align_divides; lia. apply Z.divide_1_l. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
- (* single *)
  assert (ofs <= align ofs 1) by (apply align_le; lia).
  assert (ofs <= align ofs 2) by (apply align_le; lia).
  destruct (list_nth_z float_param_regs fr) as [r|] eqn:E; destruct H.
  subst. right. eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  subst. split. destruct Archi.single_passed_as_single; simpl; lia.
  destruct Archi.single_passed_as_single; simpl; apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. destruct Archi.single_passed_as_single; simpl; lia.
- (* any32 *)
  destruct (list_nth_z int_param_regs ir) as [r|] eqn:E; destruct H.
  subst. left. eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  subst. split. lia. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
- (* float *)
  assert (ofs <= align ofs 2) by (apply align_le; lia).
  destruct (list_nth_z float_param_regs fr) as [r|] eqn:E; destruct H.
  subst. right. eapply list_nth_z_in; eauto.
  eapply IHtyl; eauto.
  subst. split. lia. apply Z.divide_1_l.
  eapply Y; eauto. lia.
Qed.

Lemma loc_arguments_acceptable:
  forall (s: signature) (p: rpair loc),
  In p (loc_arguments s) -> forall_rpair loc_argument_acceptable p.
Proof.
  unfold loc_arguments; intros.
  exploit loc_arguments_rec_charact; eauto.
  assert (A: forall r, In r int_param_regs -> is_callee_save r = false) by decide_goal.
  assert (B: forall r, In r float_param_regs -> is_callee_save r = false) by decide_goal.
  assert (X: forall l, loc_argument_charact 0 l -> loc_argument_acceptable l).
  { unfold loc_argument_charact, loc_argument_acceptable.
    destruct l as [r | [] ofs ty]; auto. intros [C|C]; auto. }
  unfold forall_rpair; destruct p; intuition auto.
Qed.

Global Hint Resolve loc_arguments_acceptable: locs.

Lemma loc_arguments_main:
  loc_arguments signature_main = nil.
Proof.
  reflexivity.
Qed.

Normalization of function results and parameters


No normalization needed.

Definition return_value_needs_normalization (t: rettype) := false.
Definition parameter_needs_normalization (t: rettype) := false.
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